Granular activated carbon (GAC)activated carbon manufacturer in china production from waste materials is of considerable interest. However, waste-derived GACs may exhibit an inferior attrition resistance, inhibiting their use in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes or adsorption beds. This study investigated the use of pelletisation to improve the attrition resistance of a sewage sludge-derived GAC. Both extrusion and hydraulic compaction were investigated as pellet production techniques. A range of binders were evaluated, as follows: Ammonium LignoSulphonAte (ALSA); PolyVinyl Alcohol (PVA); phenolic resin; araldite resin; LignoSulphonic Acid, Calcium salt (LSAC); CarboxyMethyl Cellulose sodium salt (CMC). Hydraulic compaction (typically >500 kg/cm2) was found to be more effective than extrusion. Both low (40–110 °C) and high (500–800 °C) curing temperatures were assessed, as was the sequencing of the steam activation and pelletisation steps.activated carbon pellets supplierThe most effective pellet production method comprised coupling a lignosulphonate binder with post-pelletisation activation.

Optimization of the adsorption of diclofenac by activated carbon and the acidic regeneration of spent activated carbon
Diclofenac sodium (DCF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It has been classified as ecotoxic even at low concentrations. In this study, adsorption of DCF on coconut activated charcoal powdercoconut shell-based granular activated carbon (GAC) and regeneration of spent GAC with hydrochloric acid (HCl) were investigated. The results showed that GAC with heterogeneous surface structure adsorbs DCF endothermically with both chemical and physical forces. Adsorption and regeneration processes were optimized with Taguchi Experimental Design. The effects of all parameters affecting the adsorption and regeneration processes were determined by analysis of variance and Pareto analyses. DCF removal of 79.80% was obtained at optimum conditions and the most effective parameter was evaluated as GAC size. At optimum regeneration conditions, 6.85 mg DCF/g GAC adsorption capacity was found with an operating cost of €0.05 g GAC. The amount of HCl was the most effective parameter. It was determined that the regenerated GAC had an adsorptive capacity higher than the adsorptive capacity of the raw GAC during at least three regeneration cycles.activated charcoal pellets bulk Raw, spent and regenerated GACs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis.

chengde wanyang activated carbonBackground: Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are commonly associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Direct consequences are obstipation or diarrhea as opposite aspects of the irritable bowel syndrome, and more indirectly, alteration of appetite, feeling of fullness, flatulence, bloatedness, and eventually leading to altered absorption of nutrients. Moreover, GI retention and passage times have been recognized as important factors in determining the release site and hence the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. To facilitate the understanding of physiological and pathological processes involved, it is necessary to monitor the gut motility in animal models. Here, we describe a method for studying the GI transit time using technetium-labeled activated charcoal diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-Ch-DTPA) detected by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods: Tc-DTPA was adsorbed onto activated charcoal and administered orally to trypan blue-tainted (n = 4) 129SvEv mice (50 to 80 MBq/animal, n = 11). The exact distribution and movement of radioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract was measured at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 22 h by SPECT-CT. In addition, in order to validate the imaging of GI transient time, loperamide (0.25 mg/animal, n = 3) was used to delay the GI transit.

Results: The transit time measured as the peak radioactivity occurring in the rectum was 6 to 7 h after gavaging of 99mTc-Ch-DTPA. After 1 h, the bolus had passed into the small intestine and entered the cecum and the colon. At 6 and 8 h, the cecum, the ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and the rectum showed significant labeling. Several pellets were stored in the rectum for defecation. After 22 h, little activity remained in the stomach and none was detected in the transverse colon or other GI locations. In contrast, 6 h after administration of loperamide, only the cecum and part of the transverse colon were labeled. After 22 h, both structures retained significant amount of label. This delay has been verified by non-radiolabeled dye trypan blue GI measurements (n = 4).

Conclusion: Here, we present the first non-invasive study of mouse GI transit time, allowing clear differentiation between vehicle- and loperamide-treated animals. This technique is useful for the investigation of GI motility in mice.
activated carbon pellets bulk

Two-stage calcination composite of Bi2O3-TiO2 supported on powdered activated carbon for enhanced degradation of sulfamethazine under solar irradiation
In a previous study, we used a sol-hydrothermal method with a one-stage calcination in an air atmosphere at 400 °C to prepare composites of Bi2O3-TiO2 supported on activated charcoal powderpowdered activated carbon (Bi-Ti/PAC-1). However, the photocatalytic efficiency of those composites was relatively low due to their high band gap and the single crystal phase of their TiO2. To improve the photocatalytic efficiency, we developed a two-stage calcination method with a first calcination in air at 300 °C followed by a second calcination in a N2 atmosphere (at 500, 600, or 700 °C) to form the Bi2O3-TiO2 composites (Bi-Ti/PAC-2). Compared with Bi-Ti/PAC-1, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of sulfamethazine (SMT) by Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700 increased by 32 % under solar light irradiation. Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700 contained two TiO2 crystal phases, rutile and anatase, and its band gap was 2.58 eV, far less than that of Bi-Ti/PAC-1. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and trapping experiments showed that the superoxide radical, hole, and hydroxyl radical each played an important role in the degradation of SMT, among which the superoxide radical predominated. The degradation pathway of SMT included four processes: oxidation of hydroxyl radical, SO2 extrusion, Nsingle bondC and Ssingle bondN bond cleavage. We also determined that solution pH, humic acid, and inorganic ions had varying effects on the photocatalytic degradation capability of Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700. activated carbon manufacturers uaeWe measured the efficiency of Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700 for SMT degradation in natural river and lake water and found it to be >85 %, sufficient for practical applications. This study provides a green and efficient photocatalyst that can be applied to water treatment processes.

KOH-super activated carbon from biomass waste: Insights into the paracetamol adsorption mechanism and thermal regeneration cycles
A super activated carbon (SAC)activated charcoal factory was produced by KOH-activation of a biomass waste for paracetamol (PCT) adsorption from aqueous solution and for adsorption-thermal regeneration cycles. The SAC and the regenerated SAC after five adsorption-regeneration cycles (RSAC-5th) were fully characterized by several techniques. The N2 physisorption showed that the SBET values of the SAC and RSAC-5th are remarkably different, being 2794 m² g−1 and 889 m² g−1, respectively. The XPS analysis demonstrated that the SAC surface is composed by oxygen containing-groups, whilst the RSAC-5th also presents nitrogen ones, provenient from the PCT molecules. The adsorption studies revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) for the SAC (356.22 mg g−1) is higher than that for RSAC-5th (113.69 mg g−1). Also, the results demonstrated that the PCT adsorption is governed by both physisorption and chemisorption and the ab initio calculations showed the chemisorption mainly occurs in carboxylic groups.activated carbon pellets canada

Data showing the effects of vibratory disc milling time on the microstructural characteristics of Coconut Shell Nanoparticles

coconut shell activated carbon pelletsCoconut Shell (CS) as agricultural lignocellulosic biomaterial and agro-waste is predominantly available in India, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. It has proven to have effective durability characteristic, good abstractive resistance, high toughness, and good adsorption properties, and is most suitable for long standing use in many applications such as reinforcement, source of energy, fillers as well as activated carbon and its performance, efficiency and effectiveness depend wholly on whether is in form of nano-, micro-, and macro- particles. In this data, effects of milling time on morphological characteristics was experimented using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The SEM images were taken at magnifications of 1.00kx, 2.00kx and 5.00kx which gives respective 50 µm, 20 µm and 10 µm in different milling time of 0, 20, 40 and 60 mins. Digital Vibratory Disc Milling Machine (VDMM) rated 380 V/50 Hz at 940 rpm was employed for the grinding and the morphology of the milled nanoparticles were characterised. It was revealed from the data collected that 0 min (i.e. 75 µm sieved) has the highest mean area value of 16.105 µm2 and area standard deviation of 200.738 µm2 with least value of a number of particle size distribution of 809 µm. In contrast, 60 mins milled has the lowest values for mean area and area standard deviation of 8.945 µm2 and 115.851 µm2 respectively with the highest number of particle size distribution of 2032 µm. It was observed that milling time increases the number of particle sizes distributions and reduces the area of particle size.activated carbon pellets

Fenton oxidation-based cleaning technology for powdered activated carbon-precoated dynamic membranes used in microfiltration seawater pretreatment systems
In this study, we investigated the performance of powdered activated carbon dynamic membranescarbon powder(PAC DMs) in fouling mitigation strategies during cross-flow microfiltration for high-efficiency seawater pretreatment. By altering the fouling mechanism and water molecule pathway, PAC DMs successfully enhanced the pseudo-steady-state filtration flux and rejection of cross-flow microfiltration by 53% and 29%, respectively, compared to filtration without a PAC DM. Moreover, Fenton oxidation processes (FOPs) application in the DMs’ cross-flow cleaning was studied and showed promising results, recovering up to 28% of the initial filtration flux when used alone and 52% when combined with alkaline cleaning.activated carbon suppliers in uae This study provides insight into the utilization FOPs cleaning technology for PAC DMs cross-flow cleaning, allowing the automation and optimization of DMs operation.