This work examined the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse (SB) for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CPX) from water using batch experiments and a fixed bed column and compared its adsorption performance with a powdered activated commercial carbon activated carbon powder price(PAC). Both adsorbents achieved a similar percentage removal of about 78% with doses of 3 g L−1 of SB and 0.3 g L−1 of PAC (20 mg L−1 initial CPX concentration at 30 °C). The maximum removal was obtained at a pH between 6 and 8. SB adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Langmuir, BET and Freundlich models showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.6 mg g−1. The kinetic data for both SB and PAC fitted the pseudo second-order model (R2 = 0.99). The adsorption process was faster on the SB (65% of elimination in the first 5 min) than on the PAC. The study of the adsorbent properties shows that SB is a macroporous solid with a specific surface area 250 times smaller than PAC. The thermodynamic results show that SB adsorption was physical and exothermic. The main suggested interactions between CPX and SB are electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions. The experiments carried out in a fixed bed show that the adsorption capacity at breakthrough increases with the bed height. The adsorption capacity at saturation time was 9.47 mg g−1 at a flow rate of 3 mL min−1, a bed height of 14 cm, and a diameter of 1.5 cm. The experimental data were fitted to the Bohart-Adams model (R2 = 0.98).activated carbon manufacturers in usa These results highlight the capacity of sugarcane bagasse to adsorb ciprofloxacin from water, illustrating its potential as a low-cost adsorbent.

wan yang activated carbonThe present work specifies capacitive characteristics of supercapacitors built from electrodes derived from biomass (viz., Eucalyptus leaves) and environment-friendly electrolytes. Activated carbon is derived from eucalyptus leaves and used as electrodes. The electrolytes used are environment benign electrolyte sodium acetate (1 M CH3COONa) (free from harmful F- and S- compounds) and CH3COONa added hydroquinone (HQ-redox additive). A chemical activation approach (ZnCl2–KOH) was adopted to synthesize the activated charcoal. Further, it was characterized using BET, XRD, RAMAN, SEM, and FTIR techniques. The specific BET surface area of activated charcoal is found to be 2639 m2 g−1. The performance characteristics of the supercapacitor cells were characterized by cyclic-voltammetry, charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. It was observed that the supercapacitor cell utilizing pristine electrolyte CH3COONa shows a specific capacitance of 213 F g−1 and a corresponding energy density of 16.2 WhKg−1 at a specific current of 0.75 A g−1. Interestingly, the values of specific capacitance and energy density increased more than 3-fold to 702 F g−1 and 47.2 WhKg−1 respectively when the electrolyte consisting of redox additives (hydro-quinone) HQ in sodium acetate solution was used. A possible reason for such a behaviour is the Faradic redox reaction between the HQ/Q redox couple. The obtained results were compared for different electrolyte systems 1 M Na2SO4 (with and without HQ) for the same electrode. It was observed that supercapacitor cells fabricated by utilizing CH3COONa based electrolyte system exhibit better capacitive performance. The optimized supercapacitor cells were also tested in a harsh environment by varying the temperature from 25 °C to 60 °C and it shows improvement in capacitive performance with increase in temperature. Cyclic stability of supercapacitor cells was also tested for up to 10,000 cycles and it shows appealing results by offering capacitive retention of more than 122% for the optimized capacitor cell.activated carbon pellets for air filter

In the present study the ability of activated carbons developed from coconut shellcoconut activated charcoal powder fibers to remove alpha-picoline, beta-picoline, and gamma-picoline from aqueous solution in the broad range of concentrations (1-100 mg/L) is investigated. The derived carbons are designated as FAC (activated carbon derived from coconut shell fibers without any treatment) and ATFAC (activated carbon derived from acid treated coconut shell fibers). Systematic equilibrium and kinetic adsorption studies at different pH, temperatures, particle size, and solid-to-liquid ratio were carried out to determine various parameters necessary to establish the fixed bed reactors. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied and the data are not fitted well by the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, but the Langmuir model has an edge over Freundlich model. The monolayer adsorption capacity (Q0) as calculated using Langmuir adsorption isotherm of the activated carbons viz., FAC and ATFAC is found to increase with an increase in temperature confirming the endothermic process. The ATFAC has a higher sorption capacity than FAC. Overall the adsorption of alpha-picoline, beta-picoline, and y-picoline on FAC and ATFAC follow the order FACalpha-picoline < ATFACalpha-picoline < FAC gamma-picoline < ATFACbeta-picoline < FACbeta picoline < ATFAC gamma-picoline. The adsorption of alpha-,beta-, and gamma-picoline followed the pseudosecond-order rate kinetics. On the basis of these studies, various parameters such as effective diffusion coefficients, activation energy, and entropy of activation were evaluated to establish the mechanisms. It was concluded that the adsorption occurred through particle diffusion at low temperatures viz., 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C (except alpha-picoline where it was film diffusion), while at 40 degrees C it occurred through film diffusion.activated charcoal pellets bulk Similarly at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/L the adsorption was particle diffusion controlled (except for alpha-picoline where it was film diffusion), while at > 50 mg/L it was film diffusion controlled.

This research investigates the adsorption properties of three activated carbons (AC) derived from coconutcoconut activated charcoal powder, coal, and wood origin. Each carbon demonstrates different levels of resistance to 2 M NaOH treatment. The coconut AC offers the greatest and wood AC the least resistance. The influence of base treatment is mapped in terms of its effects on specific surface area, micropore volume, water adsorption, and dodecanoic acid adsorption from both water and 2 M NaOH solution. A linear relationship exists between the number of water molecules adsorbed at the B-point of the water adsorption isotherm and the oxygen content determined from elemental analysis. Surfactant adsorption isotherms from water and 2 M NaOH indicate that the AC oxygen content effects a greater dependence on affinity for surfactant than specific surface area and micropore volume. We show a linear relationship between the plateau amount of surfactant adsorbed and the AC oxygen content in both water and NaOH phases. activated charcoal pellets bulkThe higher the AC oxygen content, the lower the amount of surfactant adsorbed. In contrast, no obvious relationship could be drawn between the surfactant amount adsorbed and the surface area.

Can metal organic frameworks outperform adsorptive removal of harmful phenolic compound 2-chlorophenol by activated carbon?
Removal of persistent organic compounds from aqueous solutions is generally achieved using adsorbent like activated carbonactivated carbon manufacturer in china (AC) but it suffers from limited adsorption capacity due to low surface area. This paper describes a pioneering work on the adsorption of an organic pollutant, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) by two MOFs with high surface area and water stability; MIL-101 and its amino-derivative, MIL-101-NH2. Although MOFs have higher surface area than AC, the latter was proven better having the highest equilibrium 2-CP uptake (345 mg g−1), followed by MIL-101 (121 mg g−1) and MIL-101-NH2 (84 mg g−1). Used MIL-101 could be easily regenerated multiple times by washing with ethanol and even showed improved adsorption capacity after each washing cycle. These results can open the doors to meticulous adsorbent selection for treating 2-CP-contaminated water.activated carbon pellets supplier